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Veterinary Use Of Ozone
 
 
Viral (Rickettsial and Chlamydial) Diseases (VRCDs)
Ozone is very effective in acute and chronic viral diseases as a
virucidal agent in reversing positive antibody tests and in
improving the general health of the animals. Ozone is the
treatment of choice of Equine Infectious Enema (EIA, Swamp
fever) and promptly reverses the clinical symptoms and a
positive Coggins test. Ozone is equally effective against Equine
Ehrlichiosis and Potomac Horse Fever, caused by the rickettsial
agents Ehrlichia equi and E. risticii respectively, as well as
against Equine Encephalomyelitis (EE) including Eastern (EEE),
Western (WEE), Venezuelan (VEE) and other togaviral and
flaviviral EE, Equine Viral Arteritis, African Horse Sickness
(AHS), Equine Herpesvirus I (EHV-1) infection, Equine Viral
Rhinopneumonitis and Myeloencephalopathy, Equine Influenza and
other VRCDs of horses and other animals including cattle, (e.g.
chlamydial abortion from Chlamydia psittaci, et al.), cats,
dogs, sheep, goats, domestic birds and various zoo animals.
Respiratory Diseases of Horses
Ozone is effective against respiratory viral infections (RVIs)
such as RVIs caused by EHV-1 (rhinopneumonitis), equine
arteritis virus, rhonovirus, influenza as well as adenovirus
pneumonia with combined immunodeficiency in Arabian foals. Ozone
is also effective against viral respiratory infections with
secondary bacterial infection that produces mucopurulent nasal
discharge, exacerbates the cough, and may lead to lung
abscessation, pneumonia or pleurisy. For ozone treatment of COPD
(heaves), see part IV. Ozone is the treatment of choice for
Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH, Epistaxis,
"Bleeder"), especially in States and Countries that do not allow
furosemide (LasixR). In most cases ozone reverses the
bronchitis, neovascularization and fibrosis, and through a
homeopathic mechanism, the other contributory factors of EIPH in
"bleeders".
Bacterial Diseases
Ozone is very effective for acute and chronic bacterial
diseases, including those that do not respond well to
antibiotics such as Glanders (Pseudomonas mallei); Septicemia in
foals (e.g. from E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Actinobacillus spp.);
Leptospirosis (Leptospira interrogans); Listeriosis (Listeria
monocytogenes); Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM from Taylorella
equigenitalis); retained placenta with consecutive metritis,
septicemia and laminitis; Tularemia (Francisella tularensis);
Clostridial diseases e.g. Tetanus Enterotoxemia (Cl. perfringens
infection); Malingnant Edema (Cl. septicum); Botulism and
Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (Cl. novyi); Lyme Disease
(Borrelia burgdorferi); Actinobaccilosis (e.g. A. equuli in
horses); Anthrax; Melioidosis hematogenous septic polyarthritis
with primary Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, B.
suis, B. canis, B. ovis, B. neotomae) and others, especially in
valuable race horses and zoo animals.
Fungal Diseases
Ozone is effective against systemic Actinomycosis and
Candidiasis, Chromomycosis, North American Blastomycosis,
Histoplasmosis, Aspergillosis and is a valuable adjunct in
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD, heaves) of horses.
In the treatment of heaves, ozone relieves acute "asthmatic"
attacks and the paroxysmal cough and effectively reverses the
allergic component from inhalation of molds, dust and other air
pollution as well as the triggering respiratory infection.
Leukemias, Lymphomas and other Malignancies Ozone is an
effective adjunct to high-pH therapy and other treatment methods
of the Life Science Universal (LSU) modalities for these
conditions.
Ozone is a valuable adjunct for the treatment of Equine Sarcoids
(generally in younger horses) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (most
frequently in older horses). Ozone is particularly effective
against any blood and malignant disease caused by viruses and
bacteria such as Bovine Leukosis, Canine Malignant Lymphomas,
Feline Lymphosarcoma, Feline Leukemia and lymphoproliferative
disorders in turkeys, chickens and zoo animals.
Rectal and Other Typical Applications of Ozone
Rectal ozone insufflations are a powerful adjunct to the
treatment of both infectious and noninfectious diseases of the
digestive tract. Ozone is effective in reducing intestinal
parasites (helminths), viruses and rickettsiae (see part I, e.g.
Rotavirus and Ehrlichia in horses), bacteria (see Part III, e.g.
enterotoxigenic E. coli, Salmonella spp., Rhodococcus
(Corynebacterium equi in horses), protozoa and fungi (see Part
IV, e.g. Eimeria spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus in horses) and
algae (Prototheca spp.). Ozone is effective in diarrhea and
inflammatory bowel disease of horses.
Vaginal ozone insufflations are effective against vaginal
Candidiasis (see Part IV, Vaginitis, Equine Coital Exanthema
(EHV-3), Contagious Equine Metritis (see Part III).
Intramammary ozone application instead of antibiotics is
effective for mastitis in large animals, e.g. mastitis in mares
caused by Streptococcus zooepedemicus, S. equi, S. equisimilis,
S. agalactiae and S. viridans.
Intra-articular ozone is effective for Septic Arthritis.
Topical ozone is effective for dermatomycosis, osteomyelitis and
infected wounds, fistulae (e.g. fistulous withers and poll evil,
i.e. inflammation of supraspinous and supra-atlantal bursae
caused equine and bovine udder diseases. Ozone is most valuable
for Cattle Embryo Transfer Procedures.
Dosage Recommendations
Intravenous Application of Ozone for the Indications Listed
above
To minimize potential inflammatory reactions and discomfort of
the animals, inject IM orgotein prior to any IV O3 application.
For best effectiveness and to minimize venous irritation use the
largest available vein for IV O3 applications and/or different
locations for each IV injection.
In almost all animals, IV O3 will produce a homeopathic-type
"healing crises" (HHC). This HHC may temporarily increase
symptoms of the present illness or produce symptoms of old
unresolved conditions. An HHC is excellent proof of the
effectiveness of IV O3.
1.) Equine Infectious Anemia (Swamp Fever)
Twelve IV applications on consecutive days of 0.5 milligrams of
ozone per kilogram (0.5 mg O3/kg) then recheck Coggins test. If
the Coggins test is still positive 4 weeks after the initial
treatment series, repeat this series. In about 80% of the cases,
the Coggins test becomes negative after one series.
2.) Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH, Epistaxis,
"Bleeder")
Twelve IV applications on consecutive days of 0.5 mg O3/kg
combined with EDTA chelation at an EDTA dosage of 50 mg/kg.
3.) Most Viral, Rickettsial, Chlamydial, Bacterial and Fungal
Diseases
Acute: 4 IV applications on consecutive days with 0.5 mg O3/kg.
If symptoms have not subsided completely, the treatment may be
continued up to 12 days.
Subacute: 6 to 8 applications on consecutive days of 0.5 mg
03/kg. Repeat after a treatment-free interval of 2 weeks if
symptoms have not completely subsided.
Chronic: {Such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD,
heaves)} 12 IV applications on consecutive days with 0.5 mg
O3/kg. If symptoms persist after 4 weeks, repeat with 8 IV
applications on consecutive days with 0.5 mg O3/kg. This 8-day
regimen may be repeated every 6 weeks until symptoms have
subsided completely or no further improvement is noted after O3
administration. All other precautions with COPD, such as strict
avoidance of dusty and moldy feed or air pollution, should
obviously also be taken.
4.) Leukemias, Lymphomas, Sarcoids and Other Cancers
8-12 IV applications on consecutive days with 0.5 mg O3/kg
combined with the high-pH cancer treatment regimen pioneered by
Life Science Universal.
Rectal Application of Ozone
Use approximately one liter ozone per 50 kilogram (1.0L O3/50
kg) at a concentration of 70 microgram per milliliter (70µg/mL)
and repeat procedure after 30 minutes. If significant discomfort
is experienced by the animal, a smaller dosage may be required.
Repeat up to 2x daily (b.i.d.) until the outcome is achieved.
Vaginal Application of Ozone
Use approximately 1.0L O3/50kg at 70µ/mL concentration and
repeat procedure after 20 minutes. If significant discomfort is
experienced by the animal, a smaller dosage may be required.
Repeat up to b.i.d. until the desired outcome is achieved.
Intramammary Application of Ozone
Use 30, 60 up to 120mL or more, as tolerated at a concentration
of 120µg/mL and repeat every 10 minutes up to a total of six
times. Repeat up to b.i.d. until the desired outcome is
achieved.
Intra/Peri-Articular Application of Ozone
Use 10 to 60 mL or more, depending on the joint, at a
concentration of 70 to 120µg/mL, and apply intra-articularly and
also into the periarticular soft tissues, and set multiple
periarticular intracutaneous wheals ("quaddels").
Topical Application of Ozone
This
may be done with a catheter or in some cases with a bag. For
fistula or osteomyelitis treatments, use a concentration of
120µg/mL and apply as large a volume as required 12 to 15 times
with a catheter. Repeat up to b.i.d. until the desired result is
achieved. For dermatomycoses and wound cleaning, use 70 to
120µg/mL, and to enhance wound granulation, use 15 to 30µg for a
period of 20 to 40 minutes. Repeat up to b.i.d. until the
desired result is achieved.
Cattle Embryo Transfer Procedure and Ozone
Ozone insures sterility for all procedures used in conjunction
with cattle embryo transfer (CET) including artificial
insemination, embryo recovery, handling, freezing and transfer.
A step-by-step guide for the use of ozone for CET is available
and is based on John L. Curtis' book, Cattle Embryo Transfer
Procedure, Academic Press, 1991.
Rottweiler crossbred dog with nasal
aspergillosis. A Rottweiler crossbred dog with nasal
aspergillosis due to Aspergillus fumigatusinfection.
Note the loss of pigment below the nostril on the worst affected
side - this finding is suggestive of a diagnosis of chronic
nasal aspergillosis in the dog.
(© Dr. R. Mallik, Sydney, Australia)
Aspergillus sinusitis in a dog
Long
nosed dogs are at relatively high risk of
Aspergillus sinusitis as shown in this example
(© Dr. R. Mallik, Sydney, Australia)
Canine
Nasal Aspergillosis
Labrador retriever with nasal infection by Aspergillus terrus.
With early diagnosis and intervention this state could have been
avoided.
(© Dr. R. Mallik, Sydney, Australia)
English Pointer with nasal aspergillosis
treated by topical enilconazole injected through surgically
inserted indwelling plastic tubes.
(© Dr. R. Mallik, Sydney, Australia)
HEART INFECTION
Myocardial aspergillosis When the heart is
involved in an inflammatory process, often caused by
Aspergillus sp. G ranuloma within
the myocardium(middle layer of heart muscle) of dog. Commonly
resulting in "enlarged heart" leading to death.
(© Dr. Michael Day, University
of Bristol)
EYE INFECTION
Retinal Aspergillosis (dog J) Section of retina from a
German shepherd dog with disseminated aspergillosis. Fungal
hyphae and inflammatory cells are found within the
vitreous(eye).
(© Dr. Michael Day, University
of Bristol)
WASTING
A 2
year old, male German shepherd dog with disseminated
aspergillosis due to Aspergillius terreus.
The marked loss of condition of this dog occurred within two
months of initial diagnosis.
(© Dr. Michael Day, University of Bristol)
PARAPALEGIA
A 2
year old, female German shepherd dog with disseminated
aspergillosis due to Aspergillius terreus.
There is muscle wasting and paraplegia due to discospondylitis
involving T13-L1.
(© Dr.
Michael Day, University of Bristol)
PARAPALEGIA
KIDNEY INFECTION
Saggital section of kidney from a German shepherd dog with
disseminated aspergillosis. There are granulomata within the
medulla, and fungal material within the renal pelvis. Renal
involvement in canine disseminated aspergillosis is common, and
the demonstration of fungal hyphae within urine sediment is a
useful screening test.
(© Dr.
Michael Day, University of Bristol)
Ferret As Pets
 
 
 
Effects of ozone on the cholinergic secretory responsiveness of
ferret tracheal glands
Robert
K. McBride, Guenter Oberdoerster and Matthew G. Marin Department
of Medicine and Environmental Health Sciences Center, University
of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New
York 14642-8692 USA
Received 14 November 1990.
Available online 4 May 2005.
Oxidant air pollutants exacerbate several pulmonary diseases.
Inhalation of ozone has been shown to induce airway smooth
muscle hyperresponsiveness. Oxidant injury could also affect
airway secretory mechanisms. We postulated that oxidant exposure
would alter the glycoconjugate secretory function of airway
submucosal glands. To test this hypothesis we examined the
effects of in vivo ozone exposure on the in vitro secretory
responsiveness of ferret tracheal glands. Ferrets were exposed
to 1 ppm ozone, 24 hr/day for 3 or 7 days. Following exposure,
glandular explants, denuded of surface epithelial cells, were
prepared and incubated in medium containing 3H-glucosamine for
18 hr. Basal secretion of labeled glycoconjugates was
significantly increased 31% following 3 days of ozone exposure
(P <- 0.05) and remained elevated 11% after 7 days of exposure
compared to the air-exposed group. After 3 or 7 days of exposure
to ozone, tracheal gland responsiveness to carbachol was
increased as indicated by significantly lower EC50 values (log
molar concentration) of −6.43 ± 0.04 (n = 6) and −6.50 ± 0.11 (n
= 5), respectively; compared to −6.20 ± 0.08 (n = 6) for the
air-exposed group. There was no difference in carbachol EC50
values for air and 7-day ozone-exposed animals treated with
dexamethasone. Dexamethasone did not attenuate the ozone-induced
increase in basal secretion. Tracheal gland responsiveness to
α-or β-adrenergic agonists was not changed by oxidant exposure.
These experiments suggest that oxidant injury not only increases
basal secretion of respiratory glycoconjugates but also
increases tracheal gland sensitivity to a cholinergic agonist.
Document title
Role
of intrinsic airway neurons in ozone-induced airway
hyperresponsiveness in ferret trachea
Auteur(s) / Author(s)
WU Zhong-Xin (1) ; MAIZE David F. (1 2) ; SATTERFIELD Brian E.
(1) ; FRAZER David G. (3) ; FEDAN Jeff S. (3) ; DEY Richard D.
(1) ;
Author
(1)
Department of Anatomy, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center,
West Virginia University, Morgantown
26506, ETATS-UNIS
(2) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of
Pharmacy at Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre,
Pennsylvania 18766, ETATS-UNIS
(3) Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West
Virginia 26505, ETATS-UNIS
 
 
Abstract
Exposure to ozone (O3) enhances airway responsiveness, which is
mediated partly by the release of substance P (SP) from airway
neurons. In this study, the role of intrinsic airway neurons in
O3-induced airway responses was examined. Ferrets were exposed
to 2 ppm O3 or air for 1 h. Reactivity of isolated tracheal
smooth muscle to cholinergic agonists was significantly
increased after O3 exposure, as were contractions to electrical
field stimulation at 10 Hz. Pretreatment with CP-99994, a
neurokinin type 1 receptor antagonist, partially abolished the
03-induced reactivity to cholinergic agonists and electrical
field stimulation. The O3-enhanced airway responses were present
in tracheal segments cultured for 24 h, a procedure shown to
deplete sensory nerves while maintaining viability of intrinsic
airway neurons, and all the enhanced smooth muscle responses
were also diminished by CP-99994. Immunocytochemistry showed
that the percentage of SP-containing neurons in longitudinal
trunk and the percentage of neurons innervated by SP-positive
nerve fibers in superficial muscular plexus were significantly
increased at 1 h after exposure to O3. These results suggest
that enhanced SP levels in airway ganglia contribute to
O3-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. |
